Geological and Geomorphological Factors as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law

Geological and Geomorphological Factors as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law, continental shelf, delimitation process, Geological, Geomorphological, relevant circumstances

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Presence of Islands as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law

Presence of Islands as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law, 12-nautical-mile, Black Sea case, continental shelf, delimitation process, geographic realities, ICJ jurisprudence, ITLOS, maritime boundary, maritime delimitation, Nicaragua/ Colombia case, Nicaragua/Honduras case, Presence of Islands, Qatar/Bahrain case, relevant circumstances

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Baselines or basepoints as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law

Baselines or basepoints as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law, Baltic, baselines, basepoint, basepoints, delimitation process, equidistance method, Eritrea/Yemen case, Libya/Malta case, LOSC, Maritime Boundary Agreement between the United States and Cuba, maritime delimitations, relevant circumstances, straight-baselines system

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Proportionality as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law

Proportionality as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law, adjacent coasts, Anglo-French Continental Shelf case, delimitation process, Equitable Principles, existence of particular coastal configurations, ITLOS, maritime delimitation, North Sea Continental Shelf cases, Proportionality, quasi-equal length of the relevant coasts, relevant circumstances

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Configuration of Coasts as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law

Configuration of Coasts as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law, Bangladesh/India Arbitration, Bangladesh/Myanmar case, Configuration of Coasts, delimitation process, equidistance line, equidistance method, geographical factors, Guinea/ Guinea-Bissau case, ITLOS, Libya/Malta judgment, line grosso modo, macrogeography, manifestly concave, maritime delimitation, North Sea Continental Shelf cases, opposite and adjacent coasts, provisional equidistance line, relevant circumstances

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DEVELOPMENT OF CASE LAW RELATING TO MARITIME DELIMITATION

DEVELOPMENT OF CASE LAW RELATING TO MARITIME DELIMITATION, 1977 Anglo-French Continental Shelf case, an equitable result, Bangladesh/India Arbitration, Bangladesh/Myanmar case, Black Sea case, Cameroon/Nigeria case, continental shelf, corrective-equity approach, EEZ, equidistance method, equidistance/relevant circumstances method, equitable criteria, Equitable Principles, equitable result, Eritrea/Yemen Arbitration, Ghana/Côte d’Ivoire case, Greenland/Jan Mayen case, Gulf of Maine case, Guyana/Suriname Arbitration, maritime delimitation, Nicaragua/Honduras case, North Sea Continental Shelf judgment, Pierre and Miquelon Arbitration, provisional delimitation line, Qatar/Bahrain case, relevant circumstances, resultorientated equity approach, single combined equidistance–special circumstances rule, special circumstances, test of disproportionality, three-stage approach to maritime delimitations, Tunisia/Libya case, What are the stages of maritime boundary?, What is a single maritime boundary?, What is delimited boundary?, What is maritime space?, What is median line principle?, What is the difference between demarcation and delimitation?, Which law delimits world seas?

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TREATY LAW CONCERNING MARITIME DELIMITATION

TREATY LAW CONCERNING MARITIME DELIMITATION, 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1977 Anglo-French Continental Shelf case, continental shelf, Delimitation of the contiguous zone, delimitation of the territorial seas, determining the applicable law, EEZ, equidistance (median line), Equitable Principles, equitable solution, inequitable results, LOSC, method of delimitation, special circumstances, TSC, What are the stages of maritime boundary?, What is a single maritime boundary?, What is delimited boundary?, What is maritime space?, What is median line principle?, What is the difference between demarcation and delimitation?, Which law delimits world seas?

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CONCEPT OF MARITIME DELIMITATION in law of the sea and customary international law

CONCEPT OF MARITIME DELIMITATION in law of the sea and customary international law, coastal State jurisdiction over maritime space, delimitation of internal waters, Delimitation of the contiguous zone, Delimitation of the Continental Shelf, Delimitation of the EEZ, Delimitation of the territorial sea, Gulf of Maine case, maritime delimitation, maritime limits, maritime spaces, process of establishing lines, What are the stages of maritime boundary?, What is a single maritime boundary?, What is delimited boundary?, What is maritime space?, What is median line principle?, Which law delimits world seas?

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what is the Main Issues of Maritime Delimitation in law of the sea and customary international law?

what is the Main Issues of Maritime Delimitation in law of the sea and customary international law?, advantages and disadvantages of the basic approaches to the law of maritime delimitations, approaches adopted by international courts and tribunals with regard to maritime delimitations, Main Issues of Maritime Delimitation, marine spaces, maritime delimitation, multiple jurisdictional zones, principal relevant circumstances in the law of maritime delimitation, principle applicable to maritime delimitations, role of international courts and tribunals in the development of the law of maritime delimitations, What are the stages of maritime boundary?, What is a single maritime boundary?, What is delimited boundary?, What is maritime space?, What is median line principle?, Which law delimits world seas?

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The 1994 Implementation Agreement about seabed area, under view of law of the sea

The 1994 Implementation Agreement about seabed area, under view of law of the sea, ‘mini-treaty’ regime, 1994 Implementation Agreement, Common Heritage of Mankind, Cost-effectiveness, Economic assistance: In order to assist developing countries, Financial terms of contracts, International Seabed Authority Endowment Fund for Marine Scientific Research in the Area, LOSC, Market-orientated Approaches, Production policies, seabed Area, The obligation to transfer technology, UNCLOS III

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Obligations and Liability of Sponsoring States about seabed area in law of the sea and customary international law

Obligations and Liability of Sponsoring States about seabed area in law of the sea and customary international law, area, ITLOS, LOSC, obligation to apply a precautionary approach, obligation to apply best environmental practices, obligation to assist the Authority in the exercise of control over activities in the Area, obligation to cooperate with the Authority in the establishment and implementation of programmes for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of deep seabed mining on the marine environment, obligation to ensure the availability of recourse for compensation in respect of damage caused by pollution, obligation to take measures to ensure the provision of guarantees in the event of an emergency order by the Authority for protection of the marine environment, responsibility to ensure, seabed Area

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System for the Exploration and Exploitation of Resources of the seabed Area(common heritage materials)

Activities in the Area are to be carried out by the Enterprise and other commercial operators in accordance with Article 153(2) of the LOSC. The commercial operators include States Parties, State enterprises, natural or juridical persons which possess the nationality of States Parties or are effectively controlled by them or their nationals provided for in Article 153(2). This arrangement is called the ‘parallel system’. This system represents a compromise between various interest groups. Actually the LOSC provides three operational modes for deep seabed mining.
. System for the Exploration and Exploitation of Resources of the seabed Area(common heritage materials), Common Heritage, Exploration and Exploitation of Resources, LOSC, seabed Area

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International Seabed Authority, its Jurisdiction, authorities and obligations in law of the sea and LOSC

The International Seabed Authority is an international organisation governing the Area and activities there. All States Parties to the LOSC are ipso facto members of the Authority. The Authority sits in Jamaica and comprises three principal organs, that is to say, an Assembly, a Council and a Secretariat. In addition, it has its operational organ, i.e. the Enterprise.
The Assembly, which consists of all the members of the Authority, is the supreme organ of the Authority to which the other principal organs shall be accountable as specifically provided for in the LOSC. The Assembly is entitled to establish general policies on any question or matter within the competence of the Authority.
The Council, which consists of thirty-six members of the Authority, is the executive organ of the Authority. Each member of the Council shall be elected for four years. The Council is empowered to establish the specific policies to be pursued by the Authority on any question or matter within the competence of the Authority.
The Secretariat of the Authority comprises a Secretary-General and such staff as the Authority may require. In the performance of their duties, the Secretary-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other source external to the Authority. They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials responsible only to the Authority. In addition, the Secretary-General and the staff shall have no financial interest in any activity relating to exploration and exploitation in the Area. Those qualifications will contribute to secure the independence and neutrality of the Secretariat. International Seabed Authority, its Jurisdiction, authorities and obligations in law of the sea and LOSC, Cobalt-Rich Crusts Regulations, International Seabed Authority, ITLOS, Jamaica, LOSC, Polymetallic Nodules Regulations, seabed disputes chamber, the Sulphides Regulations

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depth area on the high seas(sea-bed and ocean floor), legal aspects in law of the sea and customary international law

The exploration and exploitation of natural resources in the deep seabed is a new subject in the law of the sea. At the end of the nineteenth century, polymetallic nodules were discovered in the Arctic Ocean off Siberia. During the 1872 1877 scientific expedition of HMS Challenger, they were found to occur in most oceans of the world. Polymetallic nodules, which were also called manganese nodules, are small brown-black balls, usually between 1 and 20 centimetres in diameter. In the 1950s, attention was drawn to the economic significance of the nodules. During the International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958, polymetallic nodules were collected on the Tuamotu plateau approximately 370 kilometres east of Tahiti at a depth of some 900 metres. These nodules proved to contain commercially valuable minerals, such as nickel, copper and cobalt. Thus the exploration and exploitation of polymetallic nodules have attracted growing attention. As noted, the management of the deep seabed resources gave an impetus to convene UNCLOS III. The LOSC devotes Part XI to the regime governing the Area. depth area on the high seas(sea-bed and ocean floor), legal aspects in law of the sea and customary international law, Arvid Pardo, Common Heritage of Mankind, continental shelf, depth area on the high seas, natural resources, New International Economic Order, sea-bed and ocean floor, subsoil

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Regulation of Migrant Smuggling by Sea in law of the sea and customary international law

Regulation of Migrant Smuggling by Sea in law of the sea and customary international law, 1979 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 2000 Migrant Smuggling Protocol, ECHR, European Convention on Human Rights, High seas, international human rights law, international refugee law, Lawfulness of Push-back Operations Against Migrants, Migrant Smuggling, SAR Convention, SOLAS Convention, Transnational Organised Crime, UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime, UN High Commissioner for Refugees

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Exceptional Measures for Interception of Foreign Vessels on the High Seas based on law of the sea and customary international law

Exceptional Measures for Interception of Foreign Vessels on the High Seas based on law of the sea and customary international law, 1995 Council of Europe Agreement on Illicit Traffic by Sea, 2003 Agreement Concerning Co-operation in Suppressing Illicit Maritime and Air Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances in the Caribbean Area, 2008 CARICIM Maritime and Airspace Security Co-operation Agreement, Convention on Psychotropic Substances, illicit traffic in narcotic drugs, Interception of Foreign Vessels, LOSC, Self-defence on the High Seas, Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

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Exceptions to the Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Flag State on the law of the sea and customary international law

Exceptions to the Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Flag State on the law of the sea and customary international law, 1995 Council of Europe Agreement on Illicit Traffic by Sea, 2003 Agreement Concerning Co-operation in Suppressing Illicit Maritime and Air Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances in the Caribbean Area, 2008 CARICIM Maritime and Airspace Security Co-operation Agreement, Convention on Psychotropic Substances, illicit traffic in narcotic drugs, Interception of Foreign Vessels, LOSC, Self-defence on the High Seas, Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

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what is the meaning of Freedom of Navigation in law of the sea and customary international law

what is the meaning of Freedom of Navigation in law of the sea and customary international law, Arctic Sunrise Arbitration, LOSC, ship is without nationality, Ships With Suspicious Nationality, slave trade, unauthorized broadcasting, warship

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what is the meaning of Flags of Convenience or open registry in the law of the sea and customary international law?

While there is no generally agreed definition, ‘flag of convenience’ or ‘open registry’ States refer, in essence, to States that permit foreign shipowners, having very little or virtually no real connection with those States, to register their ships under the flags of those States.
The flag of convenience States allow shipowners to evade national taxation and to avoid the qualifications required of the crews of their ships. In so doing, flag of convenience States give shipowners an opportunity to reduce crew costs by employing inexpensive labour, while these States receive a registry fee and an annual fee. As one of the few variables in shipping costs is crew costs, a highly competitive market within the international shipping industry prompts shipowners to resort to open registry States. what is the meaning of Flags of Convenience or open registry in the law of the sea and customary international law?, archipelagic sea, archipelagic waters, Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, COLREG, Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, De iure praedae, De mare clausum, De mare liberum, freedom of navigation, IMO, International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, International Maritime Organization, international straits, maritime traffic, MARPOL, right of innocent passage, SOLAS, territorial sea, terrorism, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

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the meaning of The Nationality of a Ship and flag states on the law of the sea and customary international law

The flag State jurisdiction is exercised on the basis of the nationality of a ship. Thus, the nationality of a ship is of central importance in order to establish the juridical link between a State and a ship flying its flag. Under international law, each State is entitled to determine conditions for the grant of its nationality to ships. In the M/V ‘Saiga’ case, ITLOS ruled:
Determination of the criteria and establishment of the procedures for granting and withdrawing nationality to ships are matters within the exclusive jurisdiction of the flag State. the meaning of The Nationality of a Ship and flag states on the law of the sea and customary international law, flag State jurisdiction, flag states, Grand Prince case, ITLOS, LOSC, Nationality of a Ship, Tomimaru case, UN Convention on Conditions for Registration of Ships

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Principle of the Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Flag State in the law of the sea and customary international law

Principle of the Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Flag State in the law of the sea and customary international law, 1952 Brussels Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to Penal Jurisdiction in Matters of Collision and Other Incidents of Navigation, 1966 International Convention on Load Lines, 1971 Agreement on Special Trade Passenger Ships, 1972 Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1974 International Convention for the SOLAS, 1976 ILO Convention No. 147 concerning Minimum Standards in Merchant Ships, 1993 Torremolinos Protocol, 1995 International Convention on Standards of Training, 2006 Maritime Labour Convention, Article 97 of the LOSC, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel (STCW-F), Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Flag State, ILO, IMO, International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, International Convention on Standards of Training, sail under its flag

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Principle of the Freedom of the High Seas meaning in law of the sea and customary international law

Principle of the Freedom of the High Seas meaning in law of the sea and customary international law, Article 89 of the LOSC, Freedom of fishing, freedom of navigation, Freedom of overflight, Freedom of scientific research, Freedom of the High Seas, Freedom to construct artificial islands, Freedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines, LOSC, M/V ‘Louisa’ case, military activities

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Spatial Scope of the High Seas in law of the sea and customary international law

The LOSC devotes Part VII to the high seas. Under Article 86, the high seas are defined as:
all parts of the sea which are not included in the EEZ, in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State, or in the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State. Where a coastal State has established its EEZ, the landward limit of the high seas is the seaward limit of the EEZ. Where the coastal State has not claimed its EEZ, the landward limit of the high seas is the seaward limit of the territorial sea. In this case, the seabed of the high seas is the continental shelf of the coastal State up to the limit fixed by the international law of the sea. The seabed and subsoil beyond the outer limits of the continental shelf are the Area, which is the common heritage of mankind. The superjacent waters above the Area are always the high seas. Where the continental shelf extends beyond the limit of 200 nautical miles, the superjacent waters and the airspace above those waters are the high seas under Article 78 of the LOSC.. Spatial Scope of the High Seas in law of the sea and customary international law, EEZ, High seas, law of the sea, LOSC, seabed, Superjacent Waters

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Protection of Archaeological and Historical Objects Found Within the Continental Shelf in the law of the sea and customary international law

It has been said that ‘the greatest museum of human civilization lies on the seabed’. Owing to the development of underwater archaeology as a scientific discipline, the protection of underwater cultural heritage has begun to emerge as a crucial issue in international law. Thus this section addresses two key instruments on this subject: the LOSC and the Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage adopted by UNESCO on 2 November 2001 (hereinafter the UNESCO Convention). . Protection of Archaeological and Historical Objects Found Within the Continental Shelf in the law of the sea and customary international law, Archaeological objects, continental shelf, Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, EEZ, enclosed sea, Historical Objects, LOSC, semi-enclosed sea, underwater cultural heritage

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Freedoms of Third States on the continental shelf of other states based on the law of the sea and customary international law

(a) Submarine Cables and Pipelines With respect to the freedom of use on the continental shelf, Article 79(1) stipulates that all States are entitled to lay submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf.
In practice, submarine cables are divided into two main categories: submarine power cables used to transmit electricity, and submarine communication cables used to transmit data communications traffic. At present, the overwhelming majority of the world’s international telecommunication relies on submarine fibre-optic cables, and submarine telecommunication cables have become a critical global communications infrastructure. The oil and gas pipeline is also of crucial importance as a reliable means of energy transport.
Freedoms of Third States on the continental shelf of other states based on the law of the sea and customary international law, continental shelf, EEZ, High seas, LOSC, marine pollution, Pipelines, Submarine Cables, Superjacent Waters

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The Sovereign Rights of the Coastal State Over the Continental Shelf in law of the sea and customary international law

The coastal State exercises sovereign rights over the continental shelf for the purpose of exploring and exploiting its natural resources in accordance with Article 77(1). The principal features of sovereign rights can be summarised in six points:…The Sovereign Rights of the Coastal State Over the Continental Shelf in law of the sea and customary international law, coastal State, continental shelf, EEZ, inherent rights, LOSC, natural resources, non-living resources, Non-natural resources, Sovereign Rights

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Procedures to Establish the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf on the law of the sea and LOSC

Procedures to Establish the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf on the law of the sea and LOSC, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, continental shelf, continental shelf in international law, continental shelf meaning, continental shelf unclos, geodetic data, LOSC, Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf, the continental shelf and its outer delimitation, The Establishment of the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf, What are the limits of continental shelf?, What does the continental shelf of a coastal state comprise?, What is continental shelf in international law?, What is continental shelf theory?, What is the outer edge or ending point of the continental shelf?

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The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, duties, authorities and works

As we shall discuss later, the coastal State intending to claim a continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles is required to submit information on the limits of the shelf to the Commission. The Commission consists of twenty-one members who shall be experts in the field of geology, geophysics or hydrography. The members of the Commission are to be elected by States Parties to the LOSC from among their nationals, having due regard to the need to ensure equitable geographical representation, and they shall serve in their personal capacities in accordance with Article 2(1) of Annex II…The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, duties, authorities and works, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, continental shelf, LOSC, What are the characteristics of the continental shelf?, What does continental slope mean?, What extended continental shelf?, What is continental shelf limit?, What is the importance of continental shelf?, What is the largest continental shelf?, Where is the continental shelf?

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Criteria for Determining the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles(extended continental shelf (ECS))

Where the outer edge of the continental margin extends beyond 200 nautical miles, the limit of the continental shelf is to be determined on the basis of the geological criteria set out by Article 76(4). This provision contains two criteria for fixing the seaward limit of the continental shelf.

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what is the meaning of CONTINENTAL SHELF on the law of the sea and customary international law?

In light of the dictum of the Court and Article 76 of the LOSC, it may be argued that currently the distance criterion is the legal title over the continental shelf up to 200 nautical miles, and the natural prolongation offers legal title over the shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. what is the meaning of CONTINENTAL SHELF on the law of the sea and customary international law?, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, continental shelf, Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles, extended continental shelf, LOSC, 200 metres isobath, 200 nautical miles, Article 76 of the LOSC, continent, continental shelf, Convention on the Continental Shelf, LOSC, North Sea Continental Shelf cases, seabed, submarine, subsoil, Truman Proclamation

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Historic Rights of countries on the EEZ, based on law of the sea and customary international law

Historic Rights of countries on the EEZ, based on law of the sea and customary international law, EEZ, exclusive economic zone, High seas, historic rights, LOSC, south china sea

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Freedoms of Third States activity on the EEZ, based on the law of the sea and customary international law

Freedoms of Third States activity on the EEZ, based on the law of the sea and customary international law, coastal State jurisdiction in the EEZ, freedom of laying submarine cables, LOSC, Third States activity on the EEZ

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ITLOS and its structure, duties, Composition,jurisdiction, competence and authorities

ITLOS and its structure, duties, Composition,jurisdiction, competence and authorities, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, ITLOS, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

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Jurisdiction of Coastal States Over the EEZ, based on law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC

Jurisdiction of Coastal States Over the EEZ, based on law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC, artificial islands, EEZ, exclusive economic zone, IMO, ITLOS, LOSC

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Legal Status of the EEZ at LOSC, law of the sea and customary international law

In short, unlike territorial sovereignty, the sovereign rights of the coastal State over the EEZ lack comprehensiveness of material scope. With respect to matters accepted by international law, however, the coastal State can exercise both legislative and enforcement jurisdiction over all people within the EEZ in an exclusive manner. The essential point is that the rights of the coastal State over the EEZ are spatial in the sense that they can be exercised solely within the particular space in question regardless of the nationality of persons or vessels. Thus the coastal State jurisdiction over the EEZ can be regarded as a spatial jurisdiction. Due to the lack of comprehensiveness of material scope, this jurisdiction should be called a limited spatial jurisdiction.. Legal Status of the EEZ at LOSC, law of the sea and customary international law, coastal State, EEZ, ITLOS, Legal Status of the EEZ, limitation ratione materiae, LOSC, ratione materiae, ratione personae, Sovereign Rights Over the EEZ

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what is the meaning of EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE (treaties and customary international law)

The EEZ is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, not extending beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline of the territorial sea. The origin of the concept of the EEZ may go back to the practice of the Latin American States after World War II. Originally the figure of 200 nautical miles appeared in 1947, when Chile (23 June 1947) and Peru (1 August 1947) claimed such an extent for the exercise of full sovereignty. The figure of 200 nautical miles relied on scientific facts: it would enable the Andean States to reach the Peruvian and the Humboldt Currents, which were particularly rich in living species.
.. what is the meaning of EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE (treaties and customary international law), customary law, Declaration of Santo Domingo, EEZ, exclusive economic zone, maritime zone, Montevideo Declaration, patrimonial sea, sovereignty, UNCLOS I, UNCLOS II, UNCLOS III

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CONTIGUOUS ZONE at the sea, in customary international law and LOSC

The Concept of the Contiguous Zone
The contiguous zone is a marine space contiguous to the territorial sea, in which the coastal State may exercise the control necessary to prevent and punish infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea. . CONTIGUOUS ZONE at the sea, in customary international law and LOSC, Concept of the Contiguous Zone, contiguous zone, EEZ, enforcement jurisdiction in its contiguous zone, High seas

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Rights and Obligations of an Archipelagic State in law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC

Article 44 of the LOSC applies mutatis mutandis to archipelagic sea lanes passage. It follows that archipelagic States shall not hamper archipelagic sea lanes passage and shall give appropriate publicity to any danger to navigation or overflight within or over the strait of which they have knowledge. In addition to this, there shall be no suspension of archipelagic sea lanes passage..Rights and Obligations of an Archipelagic State in law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC, Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage, archipelagic State, Article 44 of the LOSC

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The Right of Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage based on law of the sea(and customary international law and LOSC)

The principal elements of the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage can be summarised:
(i) As with the right of transit passage, the right of archipelagic passage applies between one part of the high seas or an EEZ and another part of the high seas or an EEZ.
(ii) All ships and aircraft enjoy the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage in such sea lanes and air routes under Article 53(2). The right of archipelagic sea lanes passage contains the rights of overflight by aircraft. In common with the right of transit passage, foreign warships and military aircraft have the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage.
(iii) Like the right of transit passage, archipelagic sea lanes passage must be the exercise of the rights of navigation and overflight solely for the purpose of continuous, expeditious and unobstructed transit. The Right of Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage based on law of the sea(and customary international law and LOSC), air routes, Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage, archipelagic State, IMO, Marine Safety Committee, territorial sea

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