what is the meaning of single maritime boundaries line (single line with dual purpose or all-purpose line)

In theory, the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone could follow a different line than the continental shelf. For practical reasons, however, states seem to have wanted to have their maritime zones delimited by a single maritime boundary for all purposes. The reason for this lies first of all in the shared overlap of natural resources between the two zones.

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The Truman Proclamation, 1945 (Proclamation 2667—Policy of the United States With Respect to the Natural Resources of the Subsoil and Sea Bed of the Continental Shelf)

U.S. President Harry S. Truman’s executive order on September 28, 1945, proclaiming that the resources on the continental shelf contiguous to the United States belonged to the United States. This was a radical departure from the existing approach, under which the two basic principles of the law of the sea had been a narrow strip of coastal waters under the exclusive sovereignty of the coastal state and an unregulated area beyond that known as the high seas. The speed at which Truman’s continental shelf concept was recognized through emulation or acquiescence led Sir Hersch Lauterpacht to declare in 1950 that it represented virtually “instant custom.”

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RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN MARITIME ZONES

Coastal states can claim five key maritime zones. Proceeding seawards from the coast they are internal waters, territorial seas, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone (or, in some cases, an exclusive fishing zone) and the continental shelf. Archipelagic states may also claim archipelagic waters within their archipelagic baselines. Beyond these national zones of jurisdiction lie the international maritime zones of the high seas and the Area.
The rights of the coastal state and aliens vary in these maritime zones, and do so both spatially and functionally. Thus, the coastal state has more rights closer to shore, for example in internal waters and the territorial sea. Aliens retain considerable rights within a coastal state’s claimed maritime zones concerned with communication issues such as navigation, overflight and the laying of submarine cables and pipelines. The coastal state, in contrast, boasts significant resource related rights, particularly concerning fishing and mineral extraction from the seabed.

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what is the deference between national and international maritime zones?

The rights coastal states have in certain maritime zones, notably internal waters, the territorial sea and contiguous zone, affords them security in the face of threats such as smuggling, illegal immigration, other forms of cross-border crime and, ultimately, from the threat of terrorism and the use of military force. The national maritime zones outlined in the UN Convention also offer profound benefits to coastal states in respect of resources, both living resources such as fisheries and non-living resources such as oil and gas. Furthermore, the rights and responsibilities relating to national maritime zones as laid down in the 1982 Convention provide coastal states with opportunities and obligations in the sphere of ocean management. This includes, but is not limited to, navigation, fisheries protection, conservation of living resources, pollution control, search and rescue and marine scientific research.

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Belgium claims for outer limit lines of the continental shelf and territorial sea

Belgium claims for outer limit lines of the continental shelf and territorial sea, Belgium, Belgium Maritime claims, continental shelf, Maritime Claims

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Australia claims on outer limits of its continental shelf

Australia claims on outer limits of its continental shelf, Australia, continental shelf, How far offshore is international waters Australia?, Maritime Claims, What is continental shelf in international law?, What is the Australian continental shelf?, Where is the continental shelf in Australia?

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what is the meaning of “Continental slope” in law of the sea, LOSC and customary international law

“Continental slope” or “slope,” as used in UNCLOS Article 76, means that part of the continental margin lying between the continental shelf and the continental rise. The continental slope may not be uniform or abrupt and may locally take the form of terraces. The continental slope’s gradients are usually greater than 1.5 degrees.. what is the meaning of “Continental slope” in law of the sea, LOSC and customary international law, continental shelf, continental slope, How is a continental slope formed?, slope, What is continental slope?, What is the slope of the continental shelf?, Where is the continental slope?

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what is the meaning of “Bank; bank(s)” in law of the sea, LOSC and customary international law

There are two definitions for “bank,” depending on its use in UNCLOS:
(a)The word “banks” in UNCLOS Article 9, when referring to river banks, means those portions of land that confine a river.
(b)The word “bank” in UNCLOS Article 76(6) means a submarine elevation located on the seabed of a continental margin over which the depth of water is relatively shallow; this includes the seabed of an island’s continental shelf as permitted by Article 121, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow.. what is the meaning of “Bank; bank(s)” in law of the sea, LOSC and customary international law, continental shelf, river, that portion of land that confines a river, what is the meaning of “Bank; bank(s)” in law of the sea?

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what is the meaning of “Artificial island, offshore installation, installation (offshore)” in law of the sea, LOSC and customary international law

An “artificial island” or “offshore installation,” or “installation (offshore),” as used in UNCLOS means a human-made edifice in the territorial sea, in the EEZ, on the continental shelf, in archipelagic waters, or in ocean space governed by UNCLOS, which is usually employed to explore for or exploit marine resources. Artificial islands, offshore installations or installations (off-shore) may also be built for other purposes, such as marine scientific research, tide observations, resorts or residences, air terminals, transportation centers, traffic control, etc.. what is the meaning of “Artificial island, offshore installation, installation (offshore)” in law of the sea, LOSC and customary international law, artificial island, continental shelf, EEZ, How artificial islands are made?, How many artificial islands are there in the world?, offshore installation, Pipelines, Territorial Sea Convention, UNCLOS, What is the largest artificial island in the world?, Why did China build artificial islands?

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Definitions Relating to the Continental Shelf on the LOSC and customary international law

Definitions Relating to the Continental Shelf on the LOSC and customary international law, adjacent coasts, basepoint or point, chart, continental rise, continental shelf, continental slope, deep ocean floor, foot of the continental slope, geodetic data, isobath, latitude, Limits of the Continental Shelf, line of delimitation, LOS Committee, oceanic ridge, sedimentary rock, submarine elevation, UNCLOS, What are the characteristics of the continental shelf?, What does continental slope mean?, What extended continental shelf?, What is continental shelf limit?, What is the importance of continental shelf?, What is the largest continental shelf?, Where is the continental shelf?

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Practice on Provisional Arrangements in maritime Disputed Areas, JOINT DEVELOPMENT ZONES, United Kingdom-Argentina in the South West Atlantic case

Practice on Provisional Arrangements in maritime Disputed Areas, JOINT DEVELOPMENT ZONES, United Kingdom-Argentina in the South West Atlantic case, argentina, continental shelf, Falkland Islands, JOINT DEVELOPMENT ZONES, Madrid Formula, South West Atlantic, United kingdom

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Practice on Provisional Arrangements in maritime Disputed Areas, JOINT DEVELOPMENT ZONES, Malaysia-Vietnam case

Practice on Provisional Arrangements in maritime Disputed Areas, JOINT DEVELOPMENT ZONES, Malaysia-Vietnam case, continental shelf, equidistant line, equidistant line between the coasts of the mainland of the two countries, Gulf of Thailand, Joint Development Zone, malaysia, Vietnam

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Legal Nature of Maritime Delimitation in law of the sea and customary international law

Maritime delimitation may be defined as the process of establishing lines separating the spatial ambit of coastal State jurisdiction over maritime space where the legal title overlaps with that of another State. This definition calls for five comments:… Legal Nature of Maritime Delimitation in law of the sea and customary international law, a just and equitable share, continental shelf, délimitation constitutive, délimitation déclarative, EEZ, geographical co-ordinates, Gulf of Maine case, internal waters, International Sea-Bed Authority, maritime delimitation, North Sea Continental Shelf cases, provisional delimitation line, territorial sea, What are the stages of maritime boundary?, What is a single maritime boundary?, What is delimited boundary?, What is maritime space?, What is median line principle?, What is the difference between demarcation and delimitation?, Which law delimits world seas?

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International Law in the South China Sea

International Law in the South China Sea, artificial islands, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, contiguous zone, continental shelf, Convention on the Continental Shelf, Convention on the High Seas, Convention on the Territorial Sea, EEZ, exclusive economic zone, internal waters, ISLANDS, low-tide elevations, maritime zones, rocks, south china sea, South China Sea dispute, UNCLOS I, UNCLOS II, UNCLOS III

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Delimitation of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles in law of the sea and customary international law

The delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles is a comparatively new subject in the law of maritime delimitation. In this regard, three issues need further consideration: (i) entitlements to the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, (ii) the relationship between the CLCS and an international court or tribunal, and (iii) the methodology.. Delimitation of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles in law of the sea and customary international law, Bangladesh/India case, Bangladesh/Myanmar case, continental shelf, Delimitation of the Continental Shelf, Delimitation of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles, Ghana/Côte d’Ivoire cases, LOSC, maritime delimitation, What are the characteristics of the continental shelf?, What does continental slope mean?, What extended continental shelf?, What is continental shelf limit?, What is the importance of continental shelf?, What is the largest continental shelf?, Where is the continental shelf?

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Economic Factors as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law

Economic Factors as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law, Cameroon/Nigeria case, common deposit clause, continental shelf, Economic Factors, Eritrea/Yemen Arbitration, Greenland/Jan Mayen case, Gulf of Maine judgment, maritime delimitation, mineral deposit clause, natural resources

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Geological and Geomorphological Factors as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law

Geological and Geomorphological Factors as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law, continental shelf, delimitation process, Geological, Geomorphological, relevant circumstances

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Presence of Islands as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law

Presence of Islands as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law, 12-nautical-mile, Black Sea case, continental shelf, delimitation process, geographic realities, ICJ jurisprudence, ITLOS, maritime boundary, maritime delimitation, Nicaragua/ Colombia case, Nicaragua/Honduras case, Presence of Islands, Qatar/Bahrain case, relevant circumstances

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DEVELOPMENT OF CASE LAW RELATING TO MARITIME DELIMITATION

DEVELOPMENT OF CASE LAW RELATING TO MARITIME DELIMITATION, 1977 Anglo-French Continental Shelf case, an equitable result, Bangladesh/India Arbitration, Bangladesh/Myanmar case, Black Sea case, Cameroon/Nigeria case, continental shelf, corrective-equity approach, EEZ, equidistance method, equidistance/relevant circumstances method, equitable criteria, Equitable Principles, equitable result, Eritrea/Yemen Arbitration, Ghana/Côte d’Ivoire case, Greenland/Jan Mayen case, Gulf of Maine case, Guyana/Suriname Arbitration, maritime delimitation, Nicaragua/Honduras case, North Sea Continental Shelf judgment, Pierre and Miquelon Arbitration, provisional delimitation line, Qatar/Bahrain case, relevant circumstances, resultorientated equity approach, single combined equidistance–special circumstances rule, special circumstances, test of disproportionality, three-stage approach to maritime delimitations, Tunisia/Libya case, What are the stages of maritime boundary?, What is a single maritime boundary?, What is delimited boundary?, What is maritime space?, What is median line principle?, What is the difference between demarcation and delimitation?, Which law delimits world seas?

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TREATY LAW CONCERNING MARITIME DELIMITATION

TREATY LAW CONCERNING MARITIME DELIMITATION, 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1977 Anglo-French Continental Shelf case, continental shelf, Delimitation of the contiguous zone, delimitation of the territorial seas, determining the applicable law, EEZ, equidistance (median line), Equitable Principles, equitable solution, inequitable results, LOSC, method of delimitation, special circumstances, TSC, What are the stages of maritime boundary?, What is a single maritime boundary?, What is delimited boundary?, What is maritime space?, What is median line principle?, What is the difference between demarcation and delimitation?, Which law delimits world seas?

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depth area on the high seas(sea-bed and ocean floor), legal aspects in law of the sea and customary international law

The exploration and exploitation of natural resources in the deep seabed is a new subject in the law of the sea. At the end of the nineteenth century, polymetallic nodules were discovered in the Arctic Ocean off Siberia. During the 1872 1877 scientific expedition of HMS Challenger, they were found to occur in most oceans of the world. Polymetallic nodules, which were also called manganese nodules, are small brown-black balls, usually between 1 and 20 centimetres in diameter. In the 1950s, attention was drawn to the economic significance of the nodules. During the International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958, polymetallic nodules were collected on the Tuamotu plateau approximately 370 kilometres east of Tahiti at a depth of some 900 metres. These nodules proved to contain commercially valuable minerals, such as nickel, copper and cobalt. Thus the exploration and exploitation of polymetallic nodules have attracted growing attention. As noted, the management of the deep seabed resources gave an impetus to convene UNCLOS III. The LOSC devotes Part XI to the regime governing the Area. depth area on the high seas(sea-bed and ocean floor), legal aspects in law of the sea and customary international law, Arvid Pardo, Common Heritage of Mankind, continental shelf, depth area on the high seas, natural resources, New International Economic Order, sea-bed and ocean floor, subsoil

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Protection of Archaeological and Historical Objects Found Within the Continental Shelf in the law of the sea and customary international law

It has been said that ‘the greatest museum of human civilization lies on the seabed’. Owing to the development of underwater archaeology as a scientific discipline, the protection of underwater cultural heritage has begun to emerge as a crucial issue in international law. Thus this section addresses two key instruments on this subject: the LOSC and the Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage adopted by UNESCO on 2 November 2001 (hereinafter the UNESCO Convention). . Protection of Archaeological and Historical Objects Found Within the Continental Shelf in the law of the sea and customary international law, Archaeological objects, continental shelf, Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, EEZ, enclosed sea, Historical Objects, LOSC, semi-enclosed sea, underwater cultural heritage

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Freedoms of Third States on the continental shelf of other states based on the law of the sea and customary international law

(a) Submarine Cables and Pipelines With respect to the freedom of use on the continental shelf, Article 79(1) stipulates that all States are entitled to lay submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf.
In practice, submarine cables are divided into two main categories: submarine power cables used to transmit electricity, and submarine communication cables used to transmit data communications traffic. At present, the overwhelming majority of the world’s international telecommunication relies on submarine fibre-optic cables, and submarine telecommunication cables have become a critical global communications infrastructure. The oil and gas pipeline is also of crucial importance as a reliable means of energy transport.
Freedoms of Third States on the continental shelf of other states based on the law of the sea and customary international law, continental shelf, EEZ, High seas, LOSC, marine pollution, Pipelines, Submarine Cables, Superjacent Waters

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The Sovereign Rights of the Coastal State Over the Continental Shelf in law of the sea and customary international law

The coastal State exercises sovereign rights over the continental shelf for the purpose of exploring and exploiting its natural resources in accordance with Article 77(1). The principal features of sovereign rights can be summarised in six points:…The Sovereign Rights of the Coastal State Over the Continental Shelf in law of the sea and customary international law, coastal State, continental shelf, EEZ, inherent rights, LOSC, natural resources, non-living resources, Non-natural resources, Sovereign Rights

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Procedures to Establish the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf on the law of the sea and LOSC

Procedures to Establish the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf on the law of the sea and LOSC, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, continental shelf, continental shelf in international law, continental shelf meaning, continental shelf unclos, geodetic data, LOSC, Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf, the continental shelf and its outer delimitation, The Establishment of the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf, What are the limits of continental shelf?, What does the continental shelf of a coastal state comprise?, What is continental shelf in international law?, What is continental shelf theory?, What is the outer edge or ending point of the continental shelf?

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The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, duties, authorities and works

As we shall discuss later, the coastal State intending to claim a continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles is required to submit information on the limits of the shelf to the Commission. The Commission consists of twenty-one members who shall be experts in the field of geology, geophysics or hydrography. The members of the Commission are to be elected by States Parties to the LOSC from among their nationals, having due regard to the need to ensure equitable geographical representation, and they shall serve in their personal capacities in accordance with Article 2(1) of Annex II…The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, duties, authorities and works, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, continental shelf, LOSC, What are the characteristics of the continental shelf?, What does continental slope mean?, What extended continental shelf?, What is continental shelf limit?, What is the importance of continental shelf?, What is the largest continental shelf?, Where is the continental shelf?

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Criteria for Determining the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles(extended continental shelf (ECS))

Where the outer edge of the continental margin extends beyond 200 nautical miles, the limit of the continental shelf is to be determined on the basis of the geological criteria set out by Article 76(4). This provision contains two criteria for fixing the seaward limit of the continental shelf.

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what is the meaning of CONTINENTAL SHELF on the law of the sea and customary international law?

In light of the dictum of the Court and Article 76 of the LOSC, it may be argued that currently the distance criterion is the legal title over the continental shelf up to 200 nautical miles, and the natural prolongation offers legal title over the shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. what is the meaning of CONTINENTAL SHELF on the law of the sea and customary international law?, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, continental shelf, Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles, extended continental shelf, LOSC, 200 metres isobath, 200 nautical miles, Article 76 of the LOSC, continent, continental shelf, Convention on the Continental Shelf, LOSC, North Sea Continental Shelf cases, seabed, submarine, subsoil, Truman Proclamation

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what is the meaning ARCHIPELAGIC WATERS in the international law of the sea and LOSC?

The key concept of archipelagic waters is that a group of islands in mid-ocean, i.e. ‘midocean archipelagos’, should be considered as forming a unit; and that the waters enclosed by baselines joining the outermost points of the archipelago should be under territorial sovereignty. While the question of a special archipelagic regime has been discussed on various occasions since the early twentieth century, neither the 1930 Hague Conference, nor UNCLOS I could resolve this question. The 1958 Geneva Conventions contain no provision with regard to mid-ocean archipelagos or archipelagic waters.
. what is the meaning ARCHIPELAGIC WATERS in the international law of the sea and LOSC?, archipelagic doctrine, Archipelagic States and Maritime Navigation, archipelagic waters, Archipelagic Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone, archipelagic waters unclos, archipelagic waters vs internal waters, archipelago, Article 46(a) of the LOSC, continental shelf, EEZ, law of the sea, Legal status of archipelagic waters, LOSC, The Archipelagic States Concept, UNCLOS I, UNCLOS III, What are the four categories of waters under the Unclos?, What is archipelagic baseline?, What is the archipelagic rule?, Which countries are archipelagos?, Which waters are identified as archipelagic waters?

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The meaning and rule of ISLANDS baseline and its difference with rocks and reefs on the law of the sea and LOSC

The definition of an island is provided in Article 121(1) of the LOSC:
An island is a naturally-formed area of land, surrounded by water, which is above water at high tide. This provision, which follows Article 10(1) of the TSC, contains four criteria that call for comment.. the meaning and role of ISLANDS baseline situation and its difference with rocks and reefs on the on the law of the sea and LOSC, Article 121 of the LOSC, Article 121(2) of the LOSC, baseline, continental shelf, Definition of an Island, EEZ, Greenland/Jan Mayen case, Hvalrossbukta, ISLANDS, Jan Mayen, Judges Bedjaoui, low water line, Nicaragua/Colombia case, Okinotorishima, Qatar/Bahrain case, Qit’at Jaradah, reefs, rocks, South China Sea Arbitration, UNCLOS I, UNCLOS III, Walrus Bay

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The First UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1958)

the ILC came to wrestle with the codification of the law of the sea. The ILC, established by the UN General Assembly in 1947, aims to promote the progressive development of international law and its codification. This body commenced its work on the codification of the law of the sea at its first session in 1949, and J. P. A. François was appointed as the special rapporteur on the regime of the high seas. In its eighth session in 1956, the ILC submitted its final report on ‘Articles Concerning the Law of the Sea’ to the UN. This report provided the basis for the work at the First UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I).
UNCLOS I was convened in Geneva on 24 February 1958, and eighty-six States participated. UNCLOS I successfully adopted four conventions and an optional protocol on dispute settlement:
(i) The Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone,
(ii) The Convention on the High Seas,
(iii) The Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas,
(iv) The Convention on the Continental Shelf, and
(v) The Optional Protocol of Signature Concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes. The First UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1958), continental shelf, Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas, Convention on the Continental Shelf, Convention on the High Seas, Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, ILC, marine living resources, offshore, Optional Protocol of Signature Concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, Proclamations on the Continental Shelf and on Fisheries, UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1958)

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establish the outer limits of continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles with respect to article 4 of Annex II to the Convention on the law of the sea

Issues with respect to article 4 of Annex II to the Convention on the law of the sea, Annex II, continental shelf, Convention on the law of the sea

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what is the meaning of continental shelf?

also based on the article 76 of UNCLOS III, Article76, Definition of the continental shelf
The continental shelf of a coastal State comprises the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance. The continental shelf of a coastal State shall not extend beyond the limits provided for in paragraphs 4 to 6.The continental margin comprises the submerged prolongation of the land mass of the coastal State, and consists of the seabed and subsoil of the shelf, the slope and the rise. It does not include the deep ocean floor with its oceanic ridges or the subsoil thereof. (a) For the purposes of this Convention, the coastal State shall establish the outer edge of the continental margin wherever the margin extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, by either:….what is the meaning of continental shelf?, article 76, continental shelf, law of the sea, What are the characteristics of the continental shelf?, What does continental slope mean?, What extended continental shelf?, What is continental shelf limit?, What is the importance of continental shelf?, What is the largest continental shelf?, Where is the continental shelf?

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Legal Aspects of Inter-State Maritime Delimitation in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin

Legal Aspects of Inter-State Maritime Delimitation in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, Are There Laws on the High Seas?, Can you do drugs in international waters?, Can you do whatever you want in international waters?, Definition of High Sea, freedom of high seas, High seas, high seas definition unclos, high seas map, high seas meaning, high seas meaning in business, high seas meaning in law, International waters, International Waters Laws, International waters map, Mare liberum, Territories & Zones, trans-boundary waters, What do you know about international waters?, What is legal in international waters?, What Laws Apply In International Waters?, Where are international waters?, Where are the high seas?, Where do international waters begin?, Why is it called high seas?

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MARITIME ZONE AND JURISDICTION

MARITIME ZONE AND JURISDICTION, contiguous zone, continental shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), High Seas and Deep Ocean Floor, internal waters, law of the sea, Maritime Claims, maritime zone, Maritime Zones and How They Are Determined, River Mouths, territorial sea

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Aegean Territorial Waters Conflict An Evolutionary Narrative

Aegean Territorial Waters Conflict An Evolutionary Narrative, Aegean sea, continental shelf

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