“Closing line” is a dividing line between the internal waters and the territorial seas of a coastal State enclosing a…
what is the meaning of Freedom of Navigation in law of the sea and customary international law, Arctic Sunrise Arbitration,…
As clearly stated in Article 49(1) and (2) of the LOSC, archipelagic waters are under the territorial sovereignty of the…
The key concept of archipelagic waters is that a group of islands in mid-ocean, i.e. ‘midocean archipelagos’, should be considered…
The straits under Part III of the LOSC contain two types of straits: straits to which the regime of transit…
In summary, spatial jurisdiction comprises both complete spatial jurisdiction (= territorial sovereignty) and limited spatial jurisdiction (= sovereign rights). In…