Special circumstances are those circumstances which might modify the results produced by an unqualified application of the equidistance principles. Small…
The notion of equity is at the heart of the delimitation of the CS(continental shelf) and entered into the delimitation…
Delimitation of the territorial sea between States with opposite or adjacent coasts Where the coasts of two States are opposite…
Several adjacent coastal States have designated straight territorial sea baselines in a manner that generates overlapping claims to internal waters.…
On 3 February 2014, on the margins of the eighth session of the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals,…
Coastal states can claim five key maritime zones. Proceeding seawards from the coast they are internal waters, territorial seas, the…
The Regional Implementation Regime for Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment, Agenda 21, BARCON, Bern Convention for the Protection…
“Generally Accepted” and “Applicable” International Rules for Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment, GAIRAS, How can we protect marine…
The environmental regime established by the Convention is based on the combination of the jurisdictional rules of the law of…
Principle of territoriality as a base of jurisdiction in law of the sea, D’Amato-Kennedy Act, jurisdiction in law of the…
what is the meaning of Maritime Embargo Operations in LOSC and customary international law?, economic enforcement measures, flag states, Iraq,…
STATE CLAIMS IN SUBSTANTIAL CONFORMITY WITH ARTICLE 4 (LOSC ARTICLE 7), Norway, Sweden, and Finland cases, Finland, LOSC, Norway, Sweden
The delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles is a comparatively new subject in the law of maritime…
Navigational Factors as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law, delimitation process,…
Historic Title and Historic Rights as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international…
Baselines or basepoints as a RELEVANT CIRCUMSTANCES in delimitation process in law of the sea and customary international law, Baltic,…
TREATY LAW CONCERNING MARITIME DELIMITATION, 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1977 Anglo-French Continental Shelf case, continental shelf, Delimitation of…
The 1994 Implementation Agreement about seabed area, under view of law of the sea, ‘mini-treaty’ regime, 1994 Implementation Agreement, Common…
Obligations and Liability of Sponsoring States about seabed area in law of the sea and customary international law, area, ITLOS,…
Activities in the Area are to be carried out by the Enterprise and other commercial operators in accordance with Article…
The International Seabed Authority is an international organisation governing the Area and activities there. All States Parties to the LOSC…
Exceptional Measures for Interception of Foreign Vessels on the High Seas based on law of the sea and customary international…
Exceptions to the Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Flag State on the law of the sea and customary international law, 1995…
While there is no generally agreed definition, ‘flag of convenience’ or ‘open registry’ States refer, in essence, to States that…
The flag State jurisdiction is exercised on the basis of the nationality of a ship. Thus, the nationality of a…
Principle of the Freedom of the High Seas meaning in law of the sea and customary international law, Article 89…
The LOSC devotes Part VII to the high seas. Under Article 86, the high seas are defined as: all parts…
It has been said that ‘the greatest museum of human civilization lies on the seabed’. Owing to the development of…
(a) Submarine Cables and Pipelines With respect to the freedom of use on the continental shelf, Article 79(1) stipulates that…
The coastal State exercises sovereign rights over the continental shelf for the purpose of exploring and exploiting its natural resources…
Procedures to Establish the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf on the law of the sea and LOSC, Commission on…
As we shall discuss later, the coastal State intending to claim a continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles is required…
Where the outer edge of the continental margin extends beyond 200 nautical miles, the limit of the continental shelf is…
In light of the dictum of the Court and Article 76 of the LOSC, it may be argued that currently…
Historic Rights of countries on the EEZ, based on law of the sea and customary international law, EEZ, exclusive economic…
Residual Rights of countries on the EEZ based on law of the sea and customary international law, EEZ, exclusive economic…
Freedoms of Third States activity on the EEZ, based on the law of the sea and customary international law, coastal…
Jurisdiction of Coastal States Over the EEZ, based on law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC, artificial islands,…
In short, unlike territorial sovereignty, the sovereign rights of the coastal State over the EEZ lack comprehensiveness of material scope.…
As clearly stated in Article 49(1) and (2) of the LOSC, archipelagic waters are under the territorial sovereignty of the…