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what is the meaning of “Atoll” in law of the sea, LOSC and customary international law

As used in UNCLOS Articles 6 and 47, “atoll” means a reef with or without an island situated on it surrounded by the open sea, that encloses or nearly encloses a lagoon.

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Rights and Obligations of an Archipelagic State in law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC

Article 44 of the LOSC applies mutatis mutandis to archipelagic sea lanes passage. It follows that archipelagic States shall not hamper archipelagic sea lanes passage and shall give appropriate publicity to any danger to navigation or overflight within or over the strait of which they have knowledge. In addition to this, there shall be no suspension of archipelagic sea lanes passage..Rights and Obligations of an Archipelagic State in law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC, Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage, archipelagic State, Article 44 of the LOSC

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The Right of Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage based on law of the sea(and customary international law and LOSC)

The principal elements of the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage can be summarised:
(i) As with the right of transit passage, the right of archipelagic passage applies between one part of the high seas or an EEZ and another part of the high seas or an EEZ.
(ii) All ships and aircraft enjoy the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage in such sea lanes and air routes under Article 53(2). The right of archipelagic sea lanes passage contains the rights of overflight by aircraft. In common with the right of transit passage, foreign warships and military aircraft have the right of archipelagic sea lanes passage.
(iii) Like the right of transit passage, archipelagic sea lanes passage must be the exercise of the rights of navigation and overflight solely for the purpose of continuous, expeditious and unobstructed transit. The Right of Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage based on law of the sea(and customary international law and LOSC), air routes, Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage, archipelagic State, IMO, Marine Safety Committee, territorial sea

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The Right of Innocent Passage Through Archipelagic Waters(in law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC)

The Right of Innocent Passage Through Archipelagic Waters(in law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC), delimitation of internal waters, Innocent Passage, Innocent Passage Through Archipelagic Waters, submarines, territorial sea, underwater vehicles

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Jurisdiction of Archipelagic States Over Archipelagic Waters(based on law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC)

As clearly stated in Article 49(1) and (2) of the LOSC, archipelagic waters are under the territorial sovereignty of the archipelagic State. However, care should be taken in noting that the exercise of the archipelagic State’s territorial sovereignty is subject to general international law and specific provisions under Part IV of the LOSC.. Jurisdiction of Archipelagic States Over Archipelagic Waters(based on law of the sea, customary international law and LOSC), archipelagic doctrine, Archipelagic States, Archipelagic States and Maritime Navigation, archipelagic waters, Archipelagic Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone, archipelagic waters unclos, archipelagic waters vs internal waters, Duzgit Integrity Arbitration, Jurisdiction of Archipelagic States, Legal status of archipelagic waters, LOSC, The Archipelagic States Concept, What are the four categories of waters under the Unclos?, What is archipelagic baseline?, What is the archipelagic rule?, Which waters are identified as archipelagic waters?

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how draw Archipelagic Baselines in the international law of the sea and LOSC?

Article 47(1) of the LOSC provides as follows :
An archipelagic State may draw straight archipelagic baselines joining the outermost points of the outermost islands and drying reefs of the archipelago.
A key point is that the legal criteria of being an archipelago must be fulfilled in order to construct archipelagic baselines. In other words, a State which does not meet the legal definition of an archipelagic State is not entitled to draw archipelagic baselines. The language of this provision also suggests that the establishment of archipelagic baselines is facultative. Article 47 sets out conditions for drawing these baselines in some detail… how draw Archipelagic Baselines in the international law of the sea and LOSC?, Archipelagic Baselines, archipelagic State, High seas, LOSC, low-tide elevations, opinio juris, straight archipelagic baselines, territorial sea

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Archipelagic Baselines After Francalanci And Romano 1986 TSTerritorial Sea CZ 1

what is the meaning ARCHIPELAGIC WATERS in the international law of the sea and LOSC?

The key concept of archipelagic waters is that a group of islands in mid-ocean, i.e. ‘midocean archipelagos’, should be considered as forming a unit; and that the waters enclosed by baselines joining the outermost points of the archipelago should be under territorial sovereignty. While the question of a special archipelagic regime has been discussed on various occasions since the early twentieth century, neither the 1930 Hague Conference, nor UNCLOS I could resolve this question. The 1958 Geneva Conventions contain no provision with regard to mid-ocean archipelagos or archipelagic waters.
. what is the meaning ARCHIPELAGIC WATERS in the international law of the sea and LOSC?, archipelagic doctrine, Archipelagic States and Maritime Navigation, archipelagic waters, Archipelagic Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone, archipelagic waters unclos, archipelagic waters vs internal waters, archipelago, Article 46(a) of the LOSC, continental shelf, EEZ, law of the sea, Legal status of archipelagic waters, LOSC, The Archipelagic States Concept, UNCLOS I, UNCLOS III, What are the four categories of waters under the Unclos?, What is archipelagic baseline?, What is the archipelagic rule?, Which countries are archipelagos?, Which waters are identified as archipelagic waters?

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